Reprinted by permis-sion of The Philadelphia Evening and Sunday Bulletin. Reprinted by permission of the Chicago Tribune-New York News Syndicate, Inc. Reprinted by permission of Grove Press, Inc.
Reprinted by permission of the Hearst Corp., Boston Herald American-Sunday Herald Advertiser Divi-sion. Reprinted by permission of the Associated Press.įrom The Blacks: A Clown Show by Jean Genet. and Curtis Brown, Ltd.įrom Associated Press dispatches. Reprinted by permission of Random House, Inc. Copyright 1961 by Lewis Funke and John E. Grateful acknowledgment is hereby made also for permission to reprint the following material:įrom Actors Talk about Acting, by Lewis Funke and John E. Mike Robinson, of Harper & Row, gave much-needed editorial assistance. Dell Hymes, William Labov, and Joel Sherzer provided a sociolinguistic environment. Michael Delaney provided a very detailed critical reading without spe-cific recognition, I have incorporated a great number of his sug-gestions.
I am grateful once again to Lee Ann Draud for her editorial and colleagial help in all phases of the book. I have drawn from papers done by students in my class on "frame analysis" over the last decade. A ver-sion of the whole was given as the Fenton Lectures, State Uni-versity of New York at Buffalo, Spring 1970. Parts of this book were presented in lectures at Brandeis and the Universities of Tennessee, Manchester, and Edinburgh. M A N U F A C T U R E D I N T H E U N I T E D S T A T E S O F A M E R I C Aġ1 The Manufacture of Negative Experience 378 Printed and bound by The Maple Press, York, Pennsylvania. Includes bibliographical references and index. Originally published: N e w York: Harper & Row, 1974. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including Northeastern University Press edition 1986ġ974 by Erving Goffman Reprinted 1986 by arrangement with Harper & RowĪll rights reserved. N Essay on the Organization of Experience The argument rests on distinctions, on the one hand, between what is taken to be real from the perspective of the observer in any situation and actual occurrence and, on the other, between fabrication, internal and sometimes collusive misinterpretation of a situation by one person for another, and simple errors in framing and self-induced alterations." "Frame Analysis is a rich, full, exceedingly complex book based on familiar data: clippings, cartoons, novels, vignettes from the cinema and legitimate stage. Goffman goes on to employ these concepts in a mix of analysis and illustrations, to show how vulnerable everyday experience is to misinterpretation, and to reveal the detail underlying its construction, both individual and interpersonal." From James to Schutz to Castaneda, we have been sensitized to the idea that the 'same' event, indeed even its status as an event, is dependent on the frame-work from which it is perceived and thus many "realities' may be simul-taneously occurring among (and even within) participants to the same set of activities. "A frame is a scheme of interpretation in which the particulars of the events and activities to which we attend arc organized and made sensible. In Frame Analysis, (he brilliant theorist writes about the ways in which people determine their answers to the questions "What is going on here?" and "Under what circumstances do we think things are real?" Erving Goffman will influence Ihc ihinking and pcrccplions of generations 10 come.
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